AXIS (C2) ANATOMY
Axis (C2) - General Structure, Preview from the app. Download 3D OSTEOLOGY for full 3D control—multiple views, x-ray mode, and unlimited zoom.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
- The second cervical vertebra, known as the axis, acts as the pivot for the rotation of the atlas (C1) and the skull
- Distinguished by its robust odontoid process, also called the dens
- The dens provides the axis of rotation allowing the head to turn left and right
DENS AXIS (ODONTOID PROCESS)
Axis - Dens (Odontoid Process), Preview from the app. Download 3D OSTEOLOGY for full 3D control—multiple views, x-ray mode, and unlimited zoom.
- Strong, tooth-like projection extending upward from the body of the axis
- Cone-shaped structure allowing the atlas and skull to rotate around it
Apex of the Dens
- Pointed tip of the dens
- Attachment site for the apical ligament
- Connects to the basilar part of the occipital bone inside the skull
ARTICULAR FACETS
Axis - Articular Surfaces, Preview from the app. Download 3D OSTEOLOGY for full 3D control—multiple views, x-ray mode, and unlimited zoom.
Anterior Articular Facet
- Oval or nearly round smooth surface on the front of the dens
- Articulates with the anterior arch of the atlas
Posterior Articular Facet
- Shallow groove on the back of the dens, extending to the sides
- Accommodates the transverse ligament of the atlas
- Stabilizes the dens in place, ensuring proper articulation
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Henry G, Warren HL. Osteology. In: Anatomy of the Human Body. 20th ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1918. p. 129–97.